The Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow (Московское общество испытателей природы, Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou) is one of Russia's oldest learned societies.
It was founded under the auspices of two noblemen, Mikhail Myravyov and Alexis Razumovsky, by Johann Fischer von Waldheim in 1805. Princess Zenaǐde Wolkonsky made a gift of her own library to the society.
Such cultural institutions as the Polytechnical Museum, Zoological Museum, and University Herbarium used to be affiliated with the society. It has published its own bimonthly journal, Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, since 1826.
The society has included many members of the Moscow University staff. Its current president is the university's rector, Viktor Sadovnichiy.